·       Modifies a noun or pronoun.

·       Contains a present participle and any complements or modifiers (-ing form of verb).

·       Located directly before or after word it modifies.

1.    The red 2003 Corvette, shining under the streetlamps, sped down the street.

2.    They spied a shape lurking in the dark shadows.

3.    Dirk Nowitzki, finding himself open with no one guarding him, released the ball and watched it fall into the basket.

4.    The player finding himself open with no one guarding him released the ball and watched it fall into the basket.

Past Participial Phrase

·       Modifies a noun or pronoun.

·       Contains a past participle and any complements or modifiers (-ed form of verb, or –en if irregular).

·       Located directly before or after word it modifies.

1.    The food eaten by the crowd nourished them well.

2.    My wedding cake, eaten by the crowd, tasted delicious.

3.    Forgotten for thousands of years, the ring awoke when Gollum found it.

4.    The hints dropped at the party revealed who would get the next raise.